Does Huntington’s Disease Begin in the Womb?
Tissue from 13-week-old fetuses carrying the huntingtin repeat expansion shows defects in neuronal polarity and proliferation, which lead to fewer neurons populating some brain regions.
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γ-Secretase Spotted Traveling Solo or in Pairs, Not in Big Groups
Behold single proteins on the move: Super-resolution microscopy of living cells suggests the infamous protease does not form complexes with other secretases in the plasma membrane—in mouse fibroblasts, that is.
PET Tracer PI-2620 Detects 4R Tau Deposits
The tracer distinguished people with progressive supranuclear palsy from controls with a sensitivity of 85 percent, suggesting potential as a diagnostic for 4R tauopathies.
Liver Enzyme Levitates with Exercise, Spurs Learning in Old Mice
The findings hint at a liver-brain axis that transmits inflammation from periphery to brain, and could suggest therapeutic targets for preserving brain function.
Biogen Asks FDA To Approve Aducanumab
New drug application is first for Alzheimer’s disease in the U.S. since 2003, and first based on amyloid hypothesis.
With IL-33, Neurons Tempt Microglia to Nibble At Synapses
Released from hippocampal neurons in response to experience, the cytokine prompted microglia to eat extracellular matrix around synapses. This facilitated growth of new spines, and sharpened memory.
Blood-Brain Barrier Surprise: Proteins Flood into Young Brain
As mice age, a busy receptor-mediated protein transport across the barrier wanes; inhibiting an alkaline phosphatase restores it. Meanwhile, the aging barrier becomes generally leaky to large molecules.
Women and Men Differ in Their Genetic Risk for Alzheimer’s Progression
Sex-specific polygenic hazard scores predict pathology and cognitive decline.
Does a Stimulating Childhood Stem Amyloid Plaques in Golden Years?
Cognitive enrichment in early life correlated with less Alzheimer’s pathology, and slower cognitive decline, in late life.
RBFOX1 Gene Tied to Amyloidosis in Preclinical Alzheimer’s
Researchers used PET scans from 4,000 people to link RBFOX1 risk variants to amyloidosis. People with lower RBFOX1 expression in their brains had more amyloid and worse cognition.
Too Phatal: How Microglia, Astrocytes Snuff Out Dying Neurons
Live imaging of mouse brain reveals that microglia quickly engulf cell bodies while astrocytes dispose of the neuron’s more distal reaches. The cleanup crew tires with age.
In Mice, Activating TREM2 Tempers Plaque Toxicity, not Load
Alector’s AL002c antibody mobilizes microglia, reduces neuronal dystrophy, and restores normal behavior—all in mice. The clinical version is in Phase 1.
Does RhoA Rein in Microglial Madness?
A mouse study claims that the small GTPase restrains pro-inflammatory responses in microglia. Aβ oligomers inhibit RhoA, promoting Aβ deposition and neurodegeneration.
Paper Alert: Astrocytes Convert to Neurons (of the Dopaminergic Persuasion)
By suppressing a single gene, scientists triggered the transformation of astrocytes into neurons in the mouse substantia nigra, where the converts released dopamine and connected with the striatum.
In the Wake of COVID-19: Trials Interrupted, Delayed, Cancelled
Many Alzheimer’s trials had minimal dosing interruptions, but recruitment stopped for a time. Others trials fared worse, with some scrapped altogether. One administered study drug in an ambulance.
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