1973-1977: Undergraduate study in The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R.China. Graduate with a Medical degree. High distinction in most subjects.
1977-1979: Postgraduate training in neurology in Daping Hospital, Chongqing, P.R. China.
1979-1982: MSc degree, Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Military General Hospital, Beijing, P.R.China. MSc in Neurology.
1987-1990: Ph.D degree, Department of Biochemistry, University of Melbourne. 12/1990, PhD. Supervisor: Dr. Bruce Livett. Thesis Title: “Regulation of adrenal medullary secretion by substance P” was assessed by two external referees. Both of them marked with the highest score “pass without corrections”.