Nix Tryptophan Metabolite, Temper Alzheimer’s?
Kynurenine curbs lactate production in astrocytes, which then fail to nourish neurons. Shutting down kynurenine production rescued cognition in AD mouse models.
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Kynurenine curbs lactate production in astrocytes, which then fail to nourish neurons. Shutting down kynurenine production rescued cognition in AD mouse models.
Pathways of autophagy, ubiquitination, endocytosis, and glycolysis changed in Alzheimer’s. Treatment with the drug atomoxetine normalized some of them.
The plasma concentration of some 300 proteins foretold dementia. Fewer than half of the proteins were connected to Alzheimer’s independently of ApoE.
How—or even if—a newly spotted AluYb8 element raises risk of neurodegenerative disease has become a question of intense interest. Centenarians, it seems, are spared.
As immunotherapies enter care, scientists explore when to stop them, how amyloid removal relates to cognitive benefit, and whether fluid markers will track both plaque and tangles responses.
At AAIC 2024, speakers pointed to worsening biomarkers and cognition after dosing stopped, and linked the protofibrils targeted by lecanemab to neurodegeneration.
Plaques and their surrounding cells and neurites occupy 6 percent of cortical volume. Their removal could account for shrinkage during amyloid immunotherapy.
At AAIC, scientists linked Alzheimer’s pathology to the demise of nearby neurons, and implicated plaque-adjacent glia in sparking tau pathology.
Alzheimer’s markers are quantifiable in dried plasma, simplifying future diagnoses. With new ultrasensitive assays, hundreds of proteins could be analyzed this way.
Markers for AD can be measured in dried blood. This could greatly simplify diagnosis in far-flung areas. With new ultrasensitive assays, hundreds of proteins could be tested this way.
The percentage of tau fragments phosphorylated at amino acid 217 best pegged people with brain amyloid or tangles. The ratio’s edge over other markers is slight, though.
An expert panel has laid out performance standards on amyloid tests. Clinical context will dictate accuracy, and online calculators might help.
In blood, fragments of tau containing the microtubule binding region could help diagnose dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease.
When faced with amyloid, ApoE4 microglia crank up pro-inflammatory genes. ApoE2 microglia do the opposite. They quell neuroinflammation via the vitamin D receptor.
At AAIC, scientists reported how specific enhancer motifs and transcription factors cooperate to shift microglia into myriad reactive states, and back again.