Overview

Clinical Phenotype: Alzheimer's Disease
Position: (GRCh38/hg38):Chr11:121588032 C>T
Position: (GRCh37/hg19):Chr11:121458741 C>T
dbSNP ID: rs773791624
Coding/Non-Coding: Coding
DNA Change: Substitution
Expected Protein Consequence: Missense
Codon Change: ACG to ATG
Reference Isoform: SORL1 Isoform 1 (2214 aa)
Genomic Region: Exon 28

Findings

In a study that included 15,808 Alzheimer’s cases and 16,097 control subjects from multiple European and American cohorts, this allele was observed seven times—six times among the AD cases and once among the controls (Holstege et al., 2022). A mega-analysis of these data did not find an association between the variant and AD risk.

One heterozygous carrier, 65 years old at symptom onset with APOE genotype E3/E4, was a participant in the Alzheimer Disease Exome Sequencing France (ADESFR) project (Bellenguez et al., 2017; Nicolas et al., 2018; Campion et al., 2019). ADESFR contributed data to the 2022 study cited above.

A second heterozygous carrier, a German Alzheimer’s patient, was found in a multi-center European study of 1255 AD cases and 1938 controls from the European Early-Onset Dementia Consortium (Verheijen et al., 2016). She was 52 years old at symptom onset; it is unknown whether there was a family history of AD.

The T1276M variant also was found in four of 5198 AD cases and one of 4491 controls in a dataset from the Alzheimer’s Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP), consisting of subjects of non-Hispanic Caucasian ancestry from whom whole-exome sequencing data were available (Campion et al., 2019).  Two of these carriers were classified as early-onset cases. ADSP also contributed to the 2022 study.

The T1276M variant is classified as likely pathogenic by the criteria of Holstege and colleagues (Holstege et al., 2017).

Functional Consequences

The variant is predicted to be deleterious by SIFT, disease-causing by Mutation Taster, and probably damaging by PolyPhen-2 (Bellenguez et al., 2017; Verheijen et al., 2016).

In a study investigating the effects of SORL1 missense mutations on protein processing, the T1276M variant did not affect the maturation (glycosylation) of SORL1 overexpressed in HEK293 cells (Rovelet-Lecrux et al., 2021).

Table

^aAllele frequencies as reported by study authors or calculated by Alzforum curators from data provided in the study, assuming heterozygosity if not explicitly stated in the paper.

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References

Paper Citations

1. Holstege H, Hulsman M, Charbonnier C, Grenier-Boley B, Quenez O, Grozeva D, van Rooij JG, Sims R, Ahmad S, Amin N, Norsworthy PJ, Dols-Icardo O, Hummerich H, Kawalia A, Amouyel P, Beecham GW, Berr C, Bis JC, Boland A, Bossù P, Bouwman F, Bras J, Campion D, Cochran JN, Daniele A, Dartigues JF, Debette S, Deleuze JF, Denning N, DeStefano AL, Farrer LA, Fernández MV, Fox NC, Galimberti D, Genin E, Gille JJ, Le Guen Y, Guerreiro R, Haines JL, Holmes C, Ikram MA, Ikram MK, Jansen IE, Kraaij R, Lathrop M, Lemstra AW, Lleó A, Luckcuck L, Mannens MM, Marshall R, Martin ER, Masullo C, Mayeux R, Mecocci P, Meggy A, Mol MO, Morgan K, Myers RM, Nacmias B, Naj AC, Napolioni V, Pasquier F, Pastor P, Pericak-Vance MA, Raybould R, Redon R, Reinders MJ, Richard AC, Riedel-Heller SG, Rivadeneira F, Rousseau S, Ryan NS, Saad S, Sanchez-Juan P, Schellenberg GD, Scheltens P, Schott JM, Seripa D, Seshadri S, Sie D, Sistermans EA, Sorbi S, van Spaendonk R, Spalletta G, Tesi N, Tijms B, Uitterlinden AG, van der Lee SJ, Visser PJ, Wagner M, Wallon D, Wang LS, Zarea A, Clarimon J, van Swieten JC, Greicius MD, Yokoyama JS, Cruchaga C, Hardy J, Ramirez A, Mead S, van der Flier WM, van Duijn CM, Williams J, Nicolas G, Bellenguez C, Lambert JC. Exome sequencing identifies rare damaging variants in ATP8B4 and ABCA1 as risk factors for Alzheimer's disease. Nat Genet. 2022 Dec;54(12):1786-1794. Epub 2022 Nov 21 PubMed.
2. Bellenguez C, Charbonnier C, Grenier-Boley B, Quenez O, Le Guennec K, Nicolas G, Chauhan G, Wallon D, Rousseau S, Richard AC, Boland A, Bourque G, Munter HM, Olaso R, Meyer V, Rollin-Sillaire A, Pasquier F, Letenneur L, Redon R, Dartigues JF, Tzourio C, Frebourg T, Lathrop M, Deleuze JF, Hannequin D, Genin E, Amouyel P, Debette S, Lambert JC, Campion D, CNR MAJ collaborators. Contribution to Alzheimer's disease risk of rare variants in TREM2, SORL1, and ABCA7 in 1779 cases and 1273 controls. Neurobiol Aging. 2017 Nov;59:220.e1-220.e9. Epub 2017 Jul 14 PubMed.
3. Nicolas G, Acuña-Hidalgo R, Keogh MJ, Quenez O, Steehouwer M, Lelieveld S, Rousseau S, Richard AC, Oud MS, Marguet F, Laquerrière A, Morris CM, Attems J, Smith C, Ansorge O, Al Sarraj S, Frebourg T, Campion D, Hannequin D, Wallon D, Gilissen C, Chinnery PF, Veltman JA, Hoischen A. Somatic variants in autosomal dominant genes are a rare cause of sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2018 Dec;14(12):1632-1639. Epub 2018 Aug 13 PubMed.
4. Campion D, Charbonnier C, Nicolas G. SORL1 genetic variants and Alzheimer disease risk: a literature review and meta-analysis of sequencing data. Acta Neuropathol. 2019 Aug;138(2):173-186. Epub 2019 Mar 25 PubMed.
5. Verheijen J, Van den Bossche T, van der Zee J, Engelborghs S, Sanchez-Valle R, Lladó A, Graff C, Thonberg H, Pastor P, Ortega-Cubero S, Pastor MA, Benussi L, Ghidoni R, Binetti G, Clarimon J, Lleó A, Fortea J, de Mendonça A, Martins M, Grau-Rivera O, Gelpi E, Bettens K, Mateiu L, Dillen L, Cras P, De Deyn PP, Van Broeckhoven C, Sleegers K. A comprehensive study of the genetic impact of rare variants in SORL1 in European early-onset Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol. 2016 Aug;132(2):213-24. Epub 2016 Mar 30 PubMed.
6. Holstege H, van der Lee SJ, Hulsman M, Wong TH, van Rooij JG, Weiss M, Louwersheimer E, Wolters FJ, Amin N, Uitterlinden AG, Hofman A, Ikram MA, van Swieten JC, Meijers-Heijboer H, van der Flier WM, Reinders MJ, van Duijn CM, Scheltens P. Characterization of pathogenic SORL1 genetic variants for association with Alzheimer's disease: a clinical interpretation strategy. Eur J Hum Genet. 2017 Aug;25(8):973-981. Epub 2017 May 24 PubMed.
7. Sassi C, Ridge PG, Nalls MA, Gibbs R, Ding J, Lupton MK, Troakes C, Lunnon K, Al-Sarraj S, Brown KS, Medway C, Lord J, Turton J, ARUK Consortium, Morgan K, Powell JF, Kauwe JS, Cruchaga C, Bras J, Goate AM, Singleton AB, Guerreiro R, Hardy J. Influence of Coding Variability in APP-Aβ Metabolism Genes in Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease. PLoS One. 2016;11(6):e0150079. Epub 2016 Jun 1 PubMed.
8. Rovelet-Lecrux A, Feuillette S, Miguel L, Schramm C, Pernet S, Quenez O, Ségalas-Milazzo I, Guilhaudis L, Rousseau S, Riou G, Frébourg T, Campion D, Nicolas G, Lecourtois M. Impaired SorLA maturation and trafficking as a new mechanism for SORL1 missense variants in Alzheimer disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun. 2021 Dec 18;9(1):196. PubMed.

Further Reading

No Available Further Reading