The second Gordon Conference on "Cannabinoid function in the CNS" aims at bringing together established scientists, post-docs and graduate students to present and discuss the most recent cutting-edge findings related to the roles of endogenous and exogenous cannabinoids in the CNS. The endocannabinoid system is implicated in the regulation of neural activity and neural circuit plasticity in many areas of the CNS. Consequently, cannabinoid-dependent processes are instrumental to a variety of CNS functions, including reward, pain, learning and memory, energy balance, neuronal development, glial functions and neuroprotection, a list that has been steadily growing in the past years. Thus, in addition to the now "classical" roles of the endocannabinoid system in synaptic plasticity, the 2007 Conference will particularly emphasize previously unsuspected aspects of cannabinoid action on the CNS. Indeed, the multiple physiological functions of the endocannabinoid system and the wide effects of cannabinoids in the CNS are just beginning to be fully appreciated. These studies are opening promising avenues for the therapeutic use of cannabinoid-related drugs in several disorders of the CNS. It is therefore the goal of this Gordon Conference to explore the new frontiers of cannabinoid research and to identify the forthcoming most important areas of research in the cannabinoid field. The friendly and informal atmosphere of the Gordon Conferences, combined with the stimulating environment of the Swiss Alps, will generate fruitful discussions and exchanges of ideas between established leaders of the field, younger scientists and newcomers.