AlzBiomarker

Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus vs Alzheimer's Disease: tau-total (CSF)

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A large number of studies over the past 20 years have quantified tau protein in the cerebrospinal fluid of people with Alzheimer’s disease, consistently finding elevated levels of tau in AD—such that levels of tau in control subjects are less than half those in patients. Meta-analysis of 11 eligible studies showed that the level of tau in the CSF of people with normal pressure hydrocephalus is about a third that of people with AD (effect size = 0.352, p <0.0001). In a published meta-analysis, CSF tau was reported to be lower in NPH patients than in controls (Chen et al., 2017).

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How to interpret a forest plot: Each individual effect size (ES) is a ratio of the mean biomarker level in one condition over the mean level in another condition. An ES equal to 1 means that the two conditions had identical mean values. An ES > 1 indicates higher levels in the first condition, whereas an ES < 1 indicates lower levels in the first condition. The overall ES, indicated by a black diamond, is a weighted average of the individual effect sizes. The weight of each data point was determined by the inverse of the variance and is reflected in the size of each square. The width of the overall ES diamond is determined by the 95 percent confidence interval. Data out of range of the scale, including ES and confidence intervals, are indicated by an arrowhead at the edge of the plot, when applicable. 

Version 3.0, July 2021.