AlzBiomarker

Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus vs Alzheimer's Disease: tau-p181 (CSF)

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Meta-analysis of eight studies showed that levels of CSF tau-p181 in people with normal pressure hydrocephalus are about a third those in people with Alzheimer's disease (effect size = 0.352, p <0.0001). For comparison, the level of CSF tau-p181 in control subjects is about half that of AD patients. A meta-analysis comparing levels of phosphorylated tau—without specifying which phospho-epitopes—in people with NPH and control subjects found that CSF phosho-tau is lower in patients than in controls (Chen et al., 2017).

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How to interpret a forest plot: Each individual effect size (ES) is a ratio of the mean biomarker level in one condition over the mean level in another condition. An ES equal to 1 means that the two conditions had identical mean values. An ES > 1 indicates higher levels in the first condition, whereas an ES < 1 indicates lower levels in the first condition. The overall ES, indicated by a black diamond, is a weighted average of the individual effect sizes. The weight of each data point was determined by the inverse of the variance and is reflected in the size of each square. The width of the overall ES diamond is determined by the 95 percent confidence interval. Data out of range of the scale, including ES and confidence intervals, are indicated by an arrowhead at the edge of the plot, when applicable. 

Version 3.0, July 2021.