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Estrogen influences a seemingly endless list of physiological processes, among them blood circulation. Indeed, enhanced blood flow to critical areas of the brain is one candidate hypothesis for why estrogen replacement therapy appears to protect women against Alzheimer's disease...
A better understanding of precisely how AβPP is processed to generate the Aβ peptide and other, poorly understood proteolytic products has become a priority in Alzheimer's research...
In Parkinson's disease, as in Alzheimer's, it remains unclear why only a subset of neurons is affected. A report in tomorrow's Journal of Neuroscience now suggests that, in PD, the reason for that specificity may lie in...
α-synuclein is one of the major proteins found in Lewy bodies (LBs), the cytoplasmic inclusions that pepper the neurons of patients suffering from one of several neurodegenerative diseases...
Never mind that the lowly yeast has no brain. It nevertheless makes a good model for studying the cellular pathology of—and screening for drugs against—polyglutamine expansion diseases such as Huntington's...
An international team lead by John Fink, University of Michigan, has identified a new gene responsible for hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). This disorder, which starts in early childhood and can completely paralyze both legs...
Estrogen replacement therapy may protect postmenopausal women from Alzheimer's disease, according to some epidemiological studies. For example, a recent short trial of high-dose 17β-estradiol found significant improvement in cognitive...
Scientists at the Icelandic genomics company DeCode Geneticshave presented a poster suggesting they may have mapped a gene for sporadic, late-onset Parkinson's disease to chromosome 1...
The ErbB family of cell surface receptors is involved in the transduction of cellular growth and proliferation signals; ErbB-1 and ErbB-2, for example, have been implicated in aggressive forms of breast cancer...
Entire new classes of molecules don't come along every day, so it is worth noting that the classic triumvirate of RNA—mRNA, tRNA, rRNA—has just gotten a baby brother. Three independent research teams are reporting...
One hypothesis for how polyglutamine (poly-Q) repeats in the huntingtin protein might cause disease holds that they somehow perturb gene expression. This notion is getting more traction from a paper in yesterday's Nature...
Another theory to explain Huntington's suggests that proteolysis of polyglutamine-expanded (poly-Q) huntingtin by caspase enzymes generates toxic N-terminal peptide fragments...
It has become almost a truism in memory research that the seahorse-shaped brain area called the hippocampus is key to memory formation. It helps solidify short-term memories into more permanent ones...
Chronically elevated levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which catalyzes the first step in the synthesis of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid, have been correlated with induction of neuronal apoptosis...
Mitochondria, through their pivotal roles in apoptosis and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), are increasingly being implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases...
